What kinds of mathematical or quantitative thinking happen around ecological literacy topics?

- Understanding of how variability: how it works, sources of variability, controlling factors on it (familiarity with modeling of systems)

- Understanding of how probability relates to stochastic (random, non-deterministic) nature of living systems (limits to models)

- Able to proceed with thinking and investigations despite uncertainty and designing them in such a way as to be continually responsive to uncertainty

Berkowitz, A.R., Ford, M.E. & Brewer, C.A. (2005). A framework for integrating ecological literacy, civics literacy, and ecological citizenship in environmental education. In Johnson, E.A. & Mappin, M. Environmental education and advocacy: changing perspectives of ecology and education. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 227- 266.